E pale aku i kou mau maka mai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o UV

ʻOiai i ka pau ʻana o ke kauwela, he mea nui e hoʻomau i ka pale ʻana i kou mau maka mai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o UV a puni ka makahiki. Hoʻopuka ka lā i ka ikehu ma luna o kahi ākea o nā lōʻihi hawewe: kukui ʻike ʻia āu e ʻike ai, pāhawewe infrared āu e manaʻo ai he wela, a me ka radiation ultraviolet (UV) ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike a ʻike paha. Nui ka poʻe i ʻike i nā hopena ʻino o ka lā i ka ʻili, akā ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe i ʻike he hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka maka a me ka ʻike. A ʻaʻole pilikia wale ko mākou mau maka i nā mahina kau wela. I kēlā me kēia lā, inā he lā a he ao paha, ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke pōʻino ko mākou mau maka a me ko mākou ʻike ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka radiation UV. ʻO 40 ka nui o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o UV i ka wā ʻaʻole mākou i ka lā piha. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka UV i hōʻike ʻia e like me ka pōʻino, hoʻonui i ka ʻike, a pāpālua i kou pilikia i kekahi mau kūlana e like me ka wai a i ʻole ka hau - no ka laʻana, hōʻike ka wai i 100% o ke kukui UV a hōʻike ka hau i ka 85% o ke kukui UV.

He aha ka UV Radiation?

ʻO ka mālamalama me ka lōʻihi hawewe ma lalo o 400 nm (nanometers) ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka radiation UV a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu ʻano a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana - UVA, UVB a me UVC.

• UVC:Loihi nalu: 100-279 nm. Hoʻopili piha ʻia e ka papa ozone a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli.
• UVB:Loihi nalu: 280-314 nm. Hoʻopaʻa hapa wale ʻia e ka papa ozone a hiki ke puhi i ka ʻili a me nā maka e hana i nā hopena pōkole a lōʻihi i ka maka a me ka ʻike.
• UVA:Loihi hawewe: 315-399 nm. ʻAʻole i komo ʻia e ka papa ozone a hoʻopōʻino loa i ke olakino o ka maka a me ka ʻike.

ʻOiai ʻo ka lā ke kumu nui o ka radiation UV, ʻo nā kukui tanning a me nā moena kekahi kumu o ka radiation UV.

No ke aha e pono ai kou mau maka i ka pale UV i kēlā me kēia lā?

Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino koʻikoʻi i kou mau maka. ʻAʻohe nui o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka radiation UV i olakino no kou mau maka.

No ka laʻana, inā ʻike ʻia kou mau maka i ka nui o ka radiation UVB i kahi manawa pōkole, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka photokeratitis. E like me ka "sunburn o ka maka," ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona a hiki i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana; Eia naʻe, ʻo nā hōʻailona ka ʻulaʻula, ka naʻau i ka mālamalama, ka haehae nui a me ka manaʻo ʻeha i ka maka. He mea maʻamau kēia ʻano ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā māla hau e hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻia a kapa ʻia ʻo snowblindness. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, e like me ka sunburn, he manawa pōkole kēia a hoʻi ka ʻike i ka maʻamau me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino mau.

Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻili o ka maka (adnexa) a me kona mau hale i loko, e like me ka retina, kahi ʻili o ka maka i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike. Hoʻopili ʻia ka radiation UV i nā maʻi o ka maka a me nā maʻi e like me ka cataracts a me ka degeneration macular, ka hopena i ka poho a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike, a me ka maʻi maʻi maka (uvela melanoma). Eia kekahi, pili pinepine ʻia nā maʻi kanesa ʻili ma ka lihilihi a i ʻole a puni ka maka a me ka ulu ʻana o ka maka (pterygium) i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka radiation UV i ka wā lōʻihi.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale i kou mau maka mai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o UV?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i kou mau maka mai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o UV ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale maka kūpono, ke kau ʻana i ka pāpale a i ʻole ka pāpale me ka lau ākea a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau leki pili. Pono e loaʻa i nā makaaniani pale UV kūpono, e hoʻouna ana i ka 10-25% o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kokoke i nā radiation UVA a me UVB. Pono lākou e uhi piha, me nā lens nui me ka ʻole o ka distortion a i ʻole ka hemahema. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻohana mau ʻia nā makaaniani, ʻoiai ke uhi ʻia ka lani, no ka mea, hiki i nā kukuna UV ke hele i nā ao. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pale ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana a puni i nā papa no ka manawa lōʻihi ma waho a me ka mālamalama o ka lā no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke pale i ka ʻike ʻole.