Iindondo zelanga ziwakhusela njani amehlo ethu: Funda ngokubaluleka koKhuseleko lwe-UV

Kubomi banamhlanje, izibuko zelanga azikho nje isimboli sefashoni, kodwa kunye nomkhuseli wezempilo obalulekileyo. Njengoko abantu benikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwimpilo yamehlo, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuqonda imigaqo yokhuseleko lwezibuko zelanga kwaye uyisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kujonga ngokunzulu indlela izibuko zelanga ezikhusela ngayo amehlo ethu ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nendlela yokukhetha izibuko ezichanekileyo kuwe.

Ibhlokhi yemitha ye-UV: Ukukhusela iretina kunye nelensi

Eyona ndawo iyingozi kakhulu kwi-solar spectrum yi-ultraviolet (UV), equka i-UVA, UVB kunye ne-UVC. Nangona i-ozone ekwiatmosfera inokuthintela uninzi lweUVC, i-UVA neUVB isafikelela kumphezulu womhlaba ize ibangele ingozi enokubakho emehlweni ethu.

- I-UVA: Imitha ye-UVA yenza i-95% yemitha ye-ultraviolet iyonke kwaye inamandla anamandla okungena. Inokungena kwi-cornea ngqo kwi-lens kunye ne-retina. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwi-UVA kunokubangela ukuwohloka kwe-macular kwiliso kwaye konyuse umngcipheko we-cataract.

- UVB: Nangona imitha ye-UVB ithatha i-5% kuphela, inamandla ngakumbi kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu i-cornea kunye ne-lens. Amehlo angakhuselekanga anokuba nomonakalo omkhulu, njengephotokeratitis (eyaziwa ngokuba bubumfama bekhephu) kunye nokutsha kwecorneal.

Iindondo zelanga ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokuvala i-99% ukuya kwi-100% yemitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB, ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa umonakalo othe ngqo wamehlo kule mitha iyingozi. Ngokufaka iingubo ezikhethekileyo okanye izinto eziphathekayo kwiilensi, izibuko zelanga zingabonakalisa okanye zifake imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-retina, i-lens kunye nezinye izakhiwo ze-intraocular.

Iilensi zepolarized: Nciphisa ukukhanya kwaye uphucule ukucaca okubonakalayo

Ukukhazimla kukukhanya okuqinileyo okwenziwa kukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kubonakaliswa kwindawo egudileyo (njengamanzi, ikhephu, iglasi, iindlela, njl. njl.). Le mitha ibonakalisiweyo ayikhazimuli nje kuphela, kodwa ibangela ukuncipha kokubona, ukudinwa kwamehlo kunye nokuphazamiseka, kwandisa umngcipheko weengozi.

- Iilensi zePolarized: Iilensi zepolarized ziyilelwe ukuphelisa ukukhanya okuthe tye okubonakalisiweyo ngokuvumela ukukhanya okuthe nkqo kuphela ngesihluzo esikhethekileyo esithe nkqo. Olu yilo lunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo ye-glare, okwenza intsimi yombono icace kwaye imibala ibe yinyani ngakumbi, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngamava abonakalayo akhululekile, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yangaphandle efana nokuqhuba, ukuloba, kunye nokushushuluza.

Ukucoca ukukhanya kunye nokuthuthuzela okubonakalayo

Izibuko zelanga zinceda amehlo ukuba aqhelane neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo kunye nokukhathala ngokulawula ubuninzi bokukhanya okungena emehlweni.

- Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo (VLT): I-VLT ibhekisela kwipesenti yokukhanya okubonakalayo okudlula kwi-lens. Ixabiso le-VLT liya kwahluka kwimibala eyahlukeneyo yelensi. Iilensi ezimnyama zifanelekile kwiindawo zokukhanya ezinamandla, ezinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya, okwenza amehlo akhululeke; iilensi ezikhanyayo zilungele indawo ezinamafu okanye ukukhanya okuphantsi.

Ukukhetha izibuko zelanga nge-VLT efanelekileyo kunokuqinisekisa ukuba amehlo akhuselwe kakuhle phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya ezahlukeneyo kwaye ugweme ukukhathala kwamehlo okubangelwa ukukhanya okuphezulu okanye okuphantsi kakhulu.

Ukuthintela ukukhanya okuluhlaza: khusela iretina

Ukongeza kwimitha ye-ultraviolet, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukwayinxalenye yokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokukodwa namhlanje xa izixhobo zedijithali zithandwa, umonakalo wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emehlweni ufumana ingqalelo engakumbi. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunobude obufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kungonakalisa iiseli ze-retinal kwaye konyuse umngcipheko wokuwohloka kwe-macular.

- Iilensi zokuthintela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Ezinye izibuko zelanga zenzelwe ngokukodwa umsebenzi wokuthintela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okunciphisa ubuninzi bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuhanjiswe nge-lens impahla okanye i-coat ekhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela amehlo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo olubonakalayo.

Ukukhusela ulusu olujikeleze amehlo: Ukuthintela ukufota

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet ayingonakalisi nje amehlo, kodwa ibangela iingxaki ezinzulu zokufota kulusu olujikeleze amehlo. Ulusu olujikeleze amehlo lubhityile kwaye lubuthathaka. Ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kunokubangela imibimbi, amabala kunye nezinye izinto eziguga.

- Izibuko zelanga ezinkulu: Izibuko zelanga ezinoyilo olukhulu lwesakhelo azikwazi ukukhusela amehlo kuphela, kodwa ziphinde zigqume iindawo ezingaphezulu zobuso, ngakumbi ulusu olujikeleze amehlo, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lwelanga olongezelelweyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-photoaging.

Khusela kumonakalo wangaphandle: ungangeni moya, ungangenwa luthuli, kunye nobungqina bomzimba wangaphandle

Ngethuba lemisebenzi yangaphandle, umoya, isanti, uthuli, i-pollen, kunye nezinye iincinci ezisemoyeni zingangena emehlweni, zibangele ukungahambi kakuhle okanye umonakalo. Kule meko, izibuko zelanga azikho nje isixhobo esibonakalayo, kodwa kunye nomqobo womzimba.

- Izibuko zelanga zezemidlalo: Iindondo zelanga ezenzelwe imidlalo yangaphandle zihlala zinokuvalwa okungcono kunye nokuqina, zinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo izinto zangaphandle ukuba zingangeni emehlweni, kwaye zifanelekile kwimisebenzi efana nokutyibilika, ukukhwela ibhayisekile kunye nokunyuka intaba.

Ukuthintela ukudinwa kunye nentloko ye-photosensitivity

Kwabo banovelwano kukukhanya, ukukhanya okunamandla okanye okudanyazayo kunokubangela intloko ebuhlungu okanye imigraines. Iiglasi zelanga zinokuhluza ukukhanya okucaphukisayo, zinciphise ukuphindaphindeka kwentloko ebuhlungu, kwaye ziphucule ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Isiphelo: Khetha iiglasi zelanga ezifanelekileyo ukukhusela impilo yamehlo ixesha elide

Izibuko zelanga azikho nje ukubonakaliswa kwefashoni, kodwa kunye nesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokukhusela impilo yamehlo. Xa ukhetha iindondo zelanga, abathengi kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezifana nokhuseleko lwe-UV, umbala welensi kunye nemathiriyeli, kunye nomsebenzi wepolarization. Ngokuqonda imigaqo yokusebenza kunye nesiseko sesayensi yezibuko zelanga, sinokukhetha ngcono izibuko zelanga ezisifanelayo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba amehlo ethu akhuselekile kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Nokuba kunxweme olutshisayo okanye kwintaba enekhephu, ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga ezikumgangatho ophezulu lukhetho lobulumko lokukhusela amehlo akho. Khetha iiglasi zelanga ezinesimo sesayensi kwaye uvumele ukuba ibe ngumgcini wempilo yamehlo akho.